Olen suomalainen Amerikassa, enkä totu tippien antamiseen

21.09.2021


YLE/Mika Hentunen:

Olen suomalainen Amerikassa, enkä totu tippien antamiseen

Arkea maailmalta: Jos juomarahan suuruutta erehtyy kyselemään, kalliiksi tulee, Yhdysvaltain-kirjeenvaihtaja Mika Hentunen kertoo. 

Kuva: Antti Haanpää / Yle, kuvankäsittely Harri Vähäkangas / Yle

WASHINGTON Matkustaminen Yellow Cab -taksissa, joka on muuten väriltään punainen, tuntuu syvissä vatsalihaksissa. Vaikuttaa siltä, että Toyota Camryn akseli kannattelee vain heiluvia osia.

Kuski on palkkansa ansainnut, vaikka asiakkaan henki vaarantuisi. Tämä on pelin henki Washingtonin kuljetusalalla.

Entä juomaraha? Kuljettaja kääntää vaativan katseensa takapenkkiä kohti.

Taksiyhtiö on helpottanut valintatilannetta. Se on asettanut maksupäätteeseensä valmiit vaihtoehdot: 15, 20 tai 25 prosenttia. Valitsen tapani mukaan keskimmäisen summan.

Taksissa ei onneksi tarvitse tipata kuin kerran.

Vaimoni kampaamokäynnit sen sijaan rasittavat perheemme taloutta. Niillä omaa siivuaan juomarahasta penäävät niin tukan pesijä, värjääjä kuin kuivaaja. Ketjun neljäs lenkki, itse kampaaja, edellyttää vielä saavansa asemansa takia muita enemmän.

Maksutapahtuma on kiusallinen. Setelit pitää joko käydä sujauttamassa työntekijöiden taskuihin tai jättää kirjekuoriin vastaanotossa. Muu kuin käteinen ei kauneusbisneksessä käy.

Vaimo tietysti maksaa hampaitaan kiristellen, mutta suuren maailman sääntöihin alistuen. Kuten suomalainen kaverini siivoojalle, joka poimii bonuspalveluna väärät vaatteet pesulasta.

Työmatkalle lähtiessäni sullon taskuihini dollarin seteleitä.

Hotelleissa on auton pysäköijää, laukunkantajaa, kerrossiivoojaa ja munakkaan paistajaa. Joka kerta joudun pähkäilemään, onko dollari aivan liian vähän vai riittäisikö se tästä palveluksesta.

Menin New Yorkissa baariin kahville vain siksi, että saisin rikottua 50 taalan setelin. Pikkurahaa tarvitsin hotellin tulevia juomarahakierroksia varten.

– Tarvitseeko tuoda vaihtorahaa? kahvikupin tuonut tarjoilija kysyi viisikymppistäni hypistellessään.

Ahdistavaa tipeissä on se, ettei niiden suuruutta ole selvästi määritelty.

Palvelija on asiakkaan ja asiakas palvelijan armoilla. Käytännöt vaihtelevat eri osavaltioissa ja kunkin paikan tasosta riippuen. Niitä kannattaa googlata netistä ennen matkallelähtöä.

Paikan päällä tipin suuruutta ei kannata lähteä kyselemään. "Paljonko täällä annetaan juomarahaa?" -kysymykseen saattaa saada tähtitieteellisiä vastauksia.

Länsi-Virginiassa bensa-aseman pitäjä ilmoitti, että hän tankkaa sadan dollarin juomarahalla. Muussa tapauksessa joutuisin hoitamaan toimenpiteen itse.

Leveää murretta vääntänyt tankintäyttäjä oli huumorimiehiä. Hänen vitsikkyyteensä vaikutti se, että vuokra-autossani oli New Yorkin rekisterikilvet. Joka tapauksessa tankkasin tuolla kertaa itse ja jätin tipin maksamatta.

Juomarahat ovat elinehto miljoonille minimipalkalla työskenteleville amerikkalaisille.

Käytäntö on jäänne Yhdysvaltain sisällissodan jälkimainingeista, kun orjuus lakkautettiin vuonna 1865.

Entiset orjat saivat töitä rautateiltä, pelloilta ja ravintoloista nollapalkalla. He olivat kokonaan riippuvaisia(siirryt toiseen palveluun) asiakkaiden hyväntekeväisyydestä.

Nykyisin minimipalkka on Yhdysvalloissa 7,25 dollaria eli reilut kuusi euroa tunnilta. Joissakin osavaltioissa, kuten Kaliforniassa ja Massachusettsissa, summa on tuplattu 15 dollariin eli 12,70 euroon tunnilta.

Presidentti Joe Biden on asettanut 15 dollaria tavoitteeksi koko maassa.

Edes se ei riitä elämiseen, ainakaan Washingtonissa. Siksi maksan mukisematta 20 prosenttia jopa töyssyisestä taksikyydistä.

Tänään nautin kuumassa syyskuun illassa lasin sangriaa. Kympin lasillisen kokonaishinnaksi tuli veron ja tipin kanssa 15 dollaria.

TIME:

(time.com)

'It's the Legacy of Slavery': Here's the Troubling History Behind Tipping Practices in the U.S.

UPDATED: AUGUST 20, 2019 5:46 PM ET | ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED: OCTOBER 15, 2018 1:30 PM EDT

These days, the expectation at U.S. restaurants that diners will tip their servers is a key part of the culinary economy: tips subsidize a server or bartender’s salary at the vast majority of the nearly 650,000 restaurants in the country.

But tipping wasn’t always part of the U.S. dining landscape — and scholars who have studied its origins point out that its oft-debated role in the modern economy isn’t the only thing potentially troubling about tips.

In the earliest days of the practice, its spread was linked to the racial oppression of the post-Civil War Reconstruction period.

The idea of giving someone money for their work isn’t one that really needs an origin story, but modern American tipping — the practice of the customer giving a gratuity on top of the money that the employee gets from his or her employer — does have a beginning. (As for the word itself, many are familiar with the tale that “To Insure Promptness” was a phrase written on dishes for coins at shops, thus creating the acronym of “tip,” but that’s just a myth.) Some accounts credit European travelers with bringing the custom to the U.S.; others credit American travelers with bringing tipping back from Europe. The truth? Wealthy Americans in the 1850s and 1860s discovered the tradition, which had originated in medieval times as a master-serf custom wherein a servant would receive extra money for having performed superbly well, on vacations in Europe. Wanting to seem aristocratic, these individuals began tipping in the United States upon their return.

At first, most diners were largely against it, deeming it both inherently condescending and classist. How could poor Americans be expected to pay for their food, and add a “tip” on top? In fact, there was so much anti-tipping traction that, in the 1860s, the attitude spread to Europe. That’s one reason why there is no tipping expected at most European restaurants today, according to Saru Jayaraman, co-founder and president of Restaurant Opportunities Centers United (ROC United) and the director of the Food Labor Research Center at University of California, Berkeley, who advocates for the equalization of wages for tipped and non-tipped workers.

“But in the States, that movement was squashed, and we went to the exact opposite direction,” Jayaraman tells TIME, “because of slavery.”

After the Constitution was amended in the wake of the Civil War, slavery was ended as an institution but those who were freed from bondage were still limited in their choices. Many who did not end up sharecroppingworked in menial positions, such as servants, waiters, barbers and railroad porters. These were pretty much the only occupations available to them. For restaurant workers and railroad porters, there was a catch: many employers would not actually pay these workers, under the condition that guests would offer a small tip instead.

“These industries demanded the right to basically continue slavery with a $0 wage and tip,” Jayaraman says.

Despite tipping’s growing prominence, many remained unhappy about the custom in the years following Reconstruction. Six states temporarily abolished the practice in 1915. In 1918, Georgia’s legislature deemed tips as “commercial bribes,” or tips for the purpose of influencing service, illegal. Iowa’s initial 1915 decision said that those who accepted a gratuity of any kind — not those who gave the money themselves — could be fined or imprisoned.

Even with that pushback, the practice grew in popularity in many Southern states. By 1926, all of these laws had been repealed or deemed unconstitutional by the respective state’s Supreme Court, according to Kerry Segrave’s Tipping: An American Social History of Gratitudes

Restaurateurs soon realized that they stood to benefit from the opportunity to subsidize a worker’s pay with guests’ extra money, says Douglass Miller, a lecturer at the Hotel School of the SC Johnson College of Business at Cornell University. So, even as the racial dynamics of the United States evolved, the practice spread throughout the country — including in the North — and stuck.

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